Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has had noteworthy effects on many of Europe’s rental markets, as nationals and expatriates fled both Ukraine and Russia.

We first learned of major tax reform in Poland in 2021. At that time, the government announced the so-called “Polish Deal” effective for the 2022 tax year.

Over my fifteen years of cost of living surveys, I’ve traveled by taxi, subway, commuter rail, and ferry to collect data. Once, while pricing a supermarket in China, I noticed bicycles were under 140 CYN (20 USD). Tired of crawling through traffic in taxis, I bought a bike and completed the survey riding around the city. I really enjoyed the freedom a biking survey provided but assumed it was an isolated event.