Inflation remains to be the consistent driver of exchange rates this month along with a few new factors.

The expatriate rental market in Luanda has been mostly uneventful over the past year. Kwanza prices for apartments and villas have not shown any major movements, although in USD rental prices have come down due to the depreciating Kwanza.

After two years, I’m surveying Luanda, Angola for the second time. I remember clearly how awful the traffic was during my first survey in 2014